diff --git a/install.sh b/install.sh
index ad09538..a39dd5c 100755
--- a/install.sh
+++ b/install.sh
@@ -462,6 +462,14 @@ ExecStart=/opt/zoraxy/zoraxy -plugin=/opt/zoraxy/plugins
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=5
 
+# Security hardening
+ProtectSystem=full
+PrivateTmp=true
+
+# Capabilities: bind low ports + talk to systemd for plugin reloads
+CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 ZORAXY_SVC
@@ -533,15 +541,11 @@ install_plugin() {
     # Set group on plugin binary dir
     chgrp -R "$group" "$plugin_dir" 2>/dev/null || true
 
-    # Sudoers for reload
-    local sudoers_file="/etc/sudoers.d/dnsmasq-edit"
-    if [ ! -f "$sudoers_file" ]; then
-        cat > "$sudoers_file" << 'SUDO_EOF'
-# Allow dnsmasq-edit group to reload dnsmasq without a password
-%dnsmasq-edit ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/systemctl reload dnsmasq, /usr/bin/systemctl restart dnsmasq, /usr/sbin/service dnsmasq reload, /usr/sbin/service dnsmasq restart
-SUDO_EOF
-        chmod 0440 "$sudoers_file"
-    fi
+    # Note: reload uses Linux capabilities (CAP_SYS_ADMIN), not sudo.
+    # The Zoraxy systemd service must include:
+    #   CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+    #   AmbientCapabilities=CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+    # (already configured by this installer).
 
     log "Plugin installed at: $plugin_dir"
 }
diff --git a/server.go b/server.go
index ff3262f..7d01c97 100644
--- a/server.go
+++ b/server.go
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ var (
 	// Override via environment: LEASE_FILE, CONF_FILE, RELOAD_CMD, RELOAD_ARGS
 	leasesFile  = envOrDefault("LEASE_FILE", "/opt/zoraxy/conf/dhcp/dnsmasq.leases")
 	confFile    = envOrDefault("CONF_FILE", "/opt/zoraxy/conf/dhcp/dnsmasq.conf")
-	reloadCmd   = envOrDefault("RELOAD_CMD", "sudo")
-	reloadArgs  = strings.Fields(envOrDefault("RELOAD_ARGS", "systemctl reload dnsmasq"))
+	reloadCmd   = envOrDefault("RELOAD_CMD", "/usr/bin/systemctl")
+	reloadArgs  = strings.Fields(envOrDefault("RELOAD_ARGS", "reload dnsmasq"))
 )
 
 func envOrDefault(key, fallback string) string {